Hartree - Climate Hazard White Papers

White Papers

Flooding is the most frequent and economically damaging natural hazard in the United States, affecting every state...

Hurricanes are among the most powerful and destructive forces in nature. A single major hurricane can release the energy equivalent...

The United States experiences more tornadoes than any other country on Earth, and they can strike with virtually no warning...

Wildfires have always been part of many ecosystems, but prolonged drought, extreme heat, invasive vegetation, and expanding human development...

Unlike the sudden violence of a tornado or the surge of a hurricane, drought is a creeping hazard that can persist for years...

Extreme temperature events, both heat waves and cold waves, are among the most deadly natural hazards in the United States...

Winter weather events, and ice storms in particular, are among the most disruptive and underestimated natural hazards in the United States...

While hurricanes and tornadoes command headlines, severe convective storms that produce hail, lightning, and damaging winds carry a hidden toll...

Earthquakes are the only major natural hazard that strikes without any forecast warning, with no earthquake watches or warnings in advance...

Mass movement events, where soil, rock, snow, or ice suddenly mobilize and flow downslope, represent concentrated hazards...

Tsunamis are among the rarest but most geographically extensive natural hazards, capable of catastrophic destruction across entire ocean basins...

Volcanic eruptions represent one of the most geologically powerful processes on Earth, capable of reshaping landscapes and disrupting climate...